Kajaani, founded in 1651 on the shores of the great lake Oulujärvi under the shelter of a fortress designed to protect the eastern borders of the Swedish kingdom, was completely razed to the ground by the Russian army in 1716. The ruins of the castle, surrounded by the river, remain and the frescoes in the church of Paltaniemi bear witness to this period. Kajaani would later establish itself as an important trading post for the tar trade to the west coast. Historically, it was from Kajaani that Elias Lönnrot, the "last bard" of the country, began his peregrinations in the 19th century to collect and transcribe the precious songs of the Kalevala.

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