It was the most famous capital of the South-Arabiques realms: the Kingdom of Saba. The Queen of Saba and her kingdom have created a universal myth, for having been cited in the Koran, the Old and the New Testament. In the Koran (surat XXXIV), Saba is first described as a flourishing city, alive of the generosity of Allah, who gave him two paradise gardens, irrigated by the Barrage dam. The proud Sabéens proved to be thankless towards Allah who, noting their corruption, punished them by breaking the dam: «We shall déchaînâmes against them the waters crammed with a torrent. Their submerged and destroyed gardens will produce only bitter fruits, tamarisks and some jujubiers. " The visit of the Queen of Saba to Solomon is raised by the Bible in the First Book of the Kings. In the Koran (surat XXVII) the huppe, the bird of Solomon, discovers the opulent kingdom of Saba. On the order of Solomon, the bird invites the Queen of Saba to Jerusalem. She goes there to experience Solomon. Through the tests, his power and wisdom appear to him: the Queen of Saba submits to the unique God and rejects the cult of heaven. In the New Testament, the Gospel of Saint Matthew (Chapter XII, 42) recounts these words of Jesus Christ: " In the Judgment, the Queen of Saba will come together with this generation, and she will condemn her; Indeed, it came from the end of the world to listen to Solomon's wisdom, and there is more than Solomon here. '»»»» Saba's foundation is not exactly known, but the visit of the Queen of Saba to Solomon around 950 B.C., the Assyrian text reveals Saba's name in the th century B.C. This powerful warrior kingdom is being perpetuated for almost a millennium, absorbing kingdoms like Celui and fighting with the kingdom of Qataban. Then it declined in the first century of our era, before finally surrendering its place to the confederation of Himyar in the third century. In - 26/- 25, Roman General Aellius Gallus had a long siege in Marib but could not conquer it. He returned to Egypt with the remains of his army decimated by hunger and disease.

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