Travel Guide Autonomous District Of Evenkie (Эвенкийский Автономный Округ)

The autonomous district of Evenkie, 767 600 km ², was established in 1930 (until 1977, it was a national district). It has a little more than 20 000 inhabitants, 5 500 of whom live in the centre, in Toura. The population density in the south is one person for 74 km ²; to the north, it is one person for 130 km ². Among the inhabitants are Evènes, Evenks, Kètes, Dolganes, Des. The local climate is very harsh; winter extends until May and average temperatures are positive only in July and August: north 13 ° C at the centre 16,4 ° C, south 17,7 ° C. The left bank of the lower Tunguska is colder. Called the "lost continent", this region has no real thermal summer. The summer season is marked by a longer period of sunshine. In this inhospitable climate, the vegetation starts quickly as soon as the ground gets rid of its snow cover. Then there are coussins plants, such as lichens, mosses, saxifrages. The sharp rise in temperature in July results in the rapid and colorful flowering of tundra grass. Daisy and myosotis pretty this lost corner. Rivers cross magmatic rocks by forming rocky edges, rapids, and waterfalls. When you go by boat, you'll feel like you're in a mountainous country, when it's the taiga at a loss of sight.In the south-west is the Poutoran plateau (1 500 m) with the highest peak, Kamen ' (stone), peaking at 1 701 m. There are rich deposits of planters from Iceland, graphite, quartzite, oil, gas, apatite. The Noguinsk graphite deposit (86 km from the mouth), on the left bank of the Lower Tunguska, is well known. Since the galleries are flooded during flood flooding, the mines only operate in winter and the graphite is transported by barges in the Krasnoyarsk plants. Of iakoute origin, the name Toura means "stop", "bedtime". In 1925, Toura, the district centre, was the home of the Evenks. Today, that is where all urban dwellers live. Toura became the northernmost polar agricultural experimentation station. Strong daytime brightness allows for good harvests in the short vegetative period. Toura is the Agricultural Research Institute of the North, a small local museum, a library, an electric station and a ballatore. The tundra occupies 10% of the territory of Evenkie, the rest being devoted to pasture (10 million hectares) for reindeer. Tundra is a polar steppe whose lichens and mosses are the food of animals, moving to the rhythm of seasons in search of lichens under snow. Reindeer graze in the same place for a maximum of two or three days, which saves the small surface layer of the soil. Nowadays reindeer husbandry, modernized, ensures the survival of Aboriginal people: meat for food, skin for clothes and shoes. Reindeer is also a means of transport. The Evènes and Evenks live on conical and transportable tchoum; in winter, they are covered with reindeer skins, replaced in summer by birch bark.