The most beautiful religious buildings Japan

This Shinto shrine celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2019. Linked to the national construction of the 19th century, it is dedicated to the spirits of the Japanese who died for their homeland, from the Boshin War to the present day. It is currently a controversial place as it houses the remains of war criminals (notably that of General Tōjō who orchestrated many massacres, including the infamous Nanking massacre in 1937). Each of the Japanese Prime Minister's visits to this holy place immediately triggers a wave of protest from Beijing and Seoul.

The name of this temple appears in The Tale of Genji, a famous work of Japanese literature written by Murasaki Shikibu, a court lady of the Heian period. Kanzeon-ji was built in memory of Empress Saimei by her son, Emperor Tenji. It became the most important Buddhist temple in Kyushu, exerting great influence on all other temples in the region. A bronze Bonsho bell, the oldest in Japan, can be seen here.

Not far from the great Buddha of Kamakura, this luminous temple of the Jodo sect overlooks the ocean. Probably founded around the 11th century, it is known for the eleven-headed wooden statue of Kannon, housed in the main pavilion. The entrance is at the foot of Mount Kamakura. On the way up, you can see the rows of jizō commemorating the stillborn children. Near the main pavilion, a cave is dedicated to the Benzaiten goddess of femininity and beauty. The temple is the ^4th stop of the pilgrimage of the 33 temples.

This temple founded by Ieyasu Tokugawa in 1612 is best known for the tomb of the 47 rōnins, the faithful samurai who continue to populate the Japanese imagination. A museum is dedicated to them in the temple grounds. In March 1701, the lord (daimyō) Asano of Akō wounded the lord Kira Hozukenosuke in the enclosure of Edo Castle. Taking out a blade in the palace of shōgun was a serious and unforgivable offence, and the culprit was condemned to ritual suicide, seppuku. He lost his lands and possessions. The 300 samurai in his pay became rōnin or floating men, which means mercenaries. One of them, Kuranosuke Oishi, decided to avenge his master and gathered 46 other samurai. He asked them to be patient and prepare a plan of revenge for 2 years. They met on December 14, 1702, attacked the villa of daimyō Kira and beheaded him. After placing the victim's head on their master's grave, they were condemned to seppuku on their master's grave on February 4, 1703, in the Sengaku-Ji garden. Only one escaped, Kichiemon Terasaka, who was sent to the lands of daimyō to Akō, to inform the faithful of the success of their revenge. When he returned, the shōgun pardoned him. Finally, another samurai from Akō, regretting not having been part of the revenge, ritually committed suicide at Asano's grave. December 14 is still an important date and every year, pilgrims come to visit the tombs of the 47 rōnins present in the temple.

Also known as "Awata Palace", this Buddhist temple was built at the end of the 13th century. It is recognizable among a thousand thanks to its camphor trees (the oldest of which is nearly 800 years old!). From the beginning, it was the residence of the imperial abbot of the headquarters of the Tendai sect. Although the current building dates from 1895, paintings from the Kanō and Tosa schools from the 16th and 17th centuries can still be seen there. The main interest of this temple lies in the beautiful gardens designed by Sōami and Enshū Kobori.

The Yakushi-ji was founded in 690 in Fujiwara-kyō, and dedicated to the Healing Buddha to cure the emperor's illness Jitō. Later transferred to Nara at Nishinokyō in 718, it represents one of the best artistic examples of the period Hakuhō. As such, it is classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. At the heart of the temple, which takes the form of a main building and two symmetrical pagodas, several treasures can be seen.

The main pavilion

(Kon-dō). It contains a bronze trinity representing the Yakushi Nyorai (Healing Buddha) and his attendants Nikkō and Gakkō. The latter are admirable sculptures.

The Eastern Pagoda

(Tō-tō). 35 m high, it was built in 730 in the style of wa-yō. It has only three floors, but the mokoshi in between seem to give it double that.

The Zen pavilion

(dō-dō). Dating from 1285, it exposes the statue of Kadura Kannon and other statues of guardians dating from the Muromachi period. It is the oldest zen pavilion in Japan.

Bussoku-dō. Behind the pagoda, a room preserves a stone in which the Buddha's imprint (753) is engraved. It also has a stone writing desk where one can read a Chinese text readable only in phonetic symbols called man'yō-gana, i.e. used to superimpose Japanese readings on Chinese concepts or images. They are at the origin of today's Hiragana and are called man'yō-gana in reference to the collection of poems, the man'yō shū.

Temple built in 745 by the Empress Kōmyō. It became an important monastery that would control all the female monasteries of the province. Today, the only original building still standing is the three-storey pagoda, 24 m high, the oldest of its kind in Japan. The shrine has a statue of Kannon with eleven heads, each of which is said to bear a resemblance to the empress. It can only be seen from April 20 to May 7 and October 25 to November 8. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1993.

We find in this temple a palace built for the emperor Kōkō (830-887) and completed for his son. The cloistered rule was established by Go-Sanjō to counterbalance the influence of the Fujiwara clan who had made his duties hereditary. The retired emperor ruled in place of the reigning emperor from a monastery. The abbots who succeeded each other here were almost all descendants of the imperial family. Sculpted symbols, still visible on the walls of the temple, attest to his imperial affiliation. To be seen during the flowering of the cherry trees.

A pretty little shrine where Japanese women go in great numbers, because it is known for love and birth vows on the one hand, and for the "power spot", a place that confers spiritual energy, on the other hand. The princesses of Ise, named priestesses, came here to perform purification rites. A famous nō play is inspired by a part of the Tale of Genji where the action takes place at Nonomiya Jinja. The place is not a must-see, but does not lack charm. If you pass by, take a look at the amulets.

Temple of the Rinzai sect, it is one of the five great temples of the city. It was founded in 1226 by Enni. The name of Tōfuku-ji takes the name of two famous temples of Nara, the Tōdai-ji and the Kōfuku-ji. Many times destroyed by the vagaries of war and climate, it was entirely rebuilt in 1347 and it is in this form that it is presented today. The current complex of Tōfuku-ji currently has 24 buildings. We note the magnificent stone and sand garden designed by one of the most famous Buddhist monks of his time: Sesshu.

Temple founded in 824 by Kūkaï. Burned several times and bombed during the World War II, it was rebuilt in the fifties. In the park of the temple, one can see the oldest tree in Tōkyō, which would have grown from the cane of the monk Shinran in the 13th century. The temple has the sacred formula of Daishi Kōbō and Buddhist paintings. The American legation was housed here for more than ten years in the late 19th century. A medallion bearing the effigy of Towsend Harris is part of the temple treasure.

This shrine is dedicated to Amaterasu - the sun goddess in Shintoism, from whom it is said that all the emperors of Japan are descended. This spiritual shrine is the second most revered shrine in Japan after Ise Shrine. It is located in a park to which the beauty of the trees and the rarity of the species confer a great majesty. The shrine was built in the year 86 to house the sacred sword Kusanagi no tsurugi (the two-edged sword that mows grass), which unfortunately is not on public display. This sword represents one of the three imperial attributes (which are the mirror, the great ring of eight elements and the two-edged sword). It was given by Amaterasu Ōmikami to a clan leader of Japan, Takeru Yamato, who is considered the first federator of Japan. The latter escaped an ambush after cutting the flaming grass with the sacred sword. The shrine has the same architectural features as the shrines of Ise. A sacred compound, Nakanoe, surrounds the main building, the Hon-gū, and a secondary shrine. In the park are arranged several tea pavilions.

To the east of the park is the Bunka den (open from 9:00 am to 4:30 pm, except the last Wednesday and Thursday of the month. Entrance fee: 300 ¥) where the treasure of the shrine is displayed. There is a beautiful collection of bugaku masks. On the other side of Hori-kawa river is the pleasant traditional Shirotori garden with a teahouse (open from 9am to 4:30pm, except on Monday. Entrance fee).

Temple built in the style of.

The most revered sanctuary on the island of which there are only a few stones but whose legend is tenacious. Kings came to pray here, but did not have the right to cross the first steps.

Bathed by the Iwato River, the pretty shrine comprises a number of buildings, the main one, the Nishi hongū, being on the western bank. The Higashi hongū, as its name suggests, is on the east. It is exactly there, a fifteen-minute walk away, that the goddess Amaterasu Ōmikami, a mythical deity of the Shintō, took refuge. The environment of the shrine is truly wild, which gives the place a very appreciable mystical touch.

Located 1 km from the center, this shrine stands in the middle of an environment where cryptomerias, the Japanese cedars, reign supreme. Established over 12 centuries ago, the shrine is highly respected and revered as it is located on the land where the sun goddess descended to earth. The Iwato kagura is danced there every night at 8pm. If you are staying at a hotel in the village, you can usually book a shuttle bus and the session to participate in the dance.

This shrine is dedicated to General Nogi, hero of the Russo-Japanese war. He was raised in 1923 on the site of the house where the general and his wife made seppuku (harakiri) in 1912, out of attachment to the recently deceased Meiji Emperor and their ethic of fidelity. The house is sometimes open to the public, but the sanctuary is open to visitors all year round. It is a pretty green oasis, where you can also see an alley of red torii. A flea market is held there on the 4th Sunday of each month, where you can find both clothes and dishes.

Built in 1603 to protect the city from fires and disasters, this sanctuary perched on a hill was rebuilt in 1958. A double stone staircase (Otoko zaka, the men's slope, and Onna zaka, the women's slope) provides access to the sanctuary. In the past, poets used to climb it to admire the snow at the time of the full moon. Legend has it that a young samurai climbed to the top on horseback to pick plum blossoms and offer them to the shogun. The steep stairs then became a symbol of success in life.

This Shinto shrine was founded in 730, in Otemachi, in the Gongen style of the Momoyama period. In 1616, it was moved to the present site by Ieyasu Tokugawa and declared guardian of Edo City. The first sanctuary having been burned down, this one is a fairly faithful concrete replica that resists time and earthquakes. In recent years, it has adopted the codes of pop culture from the neighbouring Akihabara district, particularly during festivals in mid-May and August. It is consecrated to 3 of the 7 gods of fortune, and is much appreciated by the Tokyo inhabitants.

Located in Ikaruga, about ten kilometers from Nara, and founded in 607 by Prince Shōtoku Taishi, this temple has the oldest wooden structure in the world and claims with strength and determination to be the national masterpiece of Asuka culture. It remains the oldest temple in Japan. To show his gratitude to Buddha for the healing of his father, the Emperor Yōmei (540-587), the prince Shōtoku had the temple built next to the Ikaruga no Miya Palace which he had built in 601. The Hōryū-ji consists of about 40 buildings divided into two areas: the western part, or Sai-in, and the eastern part, or Tōin. There is also a northern part, Kitamuro-in. The treasure is located between the eastern and western parts. It became the first Japanese site to be inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in December 1993 as an exceptional home to the richness of Buddhist culture. More than 15 major events take place every year. Remember to check the programme on the Internet.

Saiin. The western part (saiin) contains the main buildings of the Asuka period (7th and 8th centuries): Chūmon, Kondō and the five-storey pagoda Gojū-no-tō.

Chūmon. The middle gate is topped by a single storey and opens onto the courtyard which contains the other buildings. The two guardian kings Nio, dating from 711, face each other. They are the two oldest earthen statues in Japan.

Kondō. Golden pavilion. Main building erected on a stone base and consisting of two storeys with a four-sloped roof and two gables, the roof being made of a gabled roof. It features the Four Guardians of the World (shi-Tennō), who are among the oldest wooden statues in the world. It contains the Buddhist statues to which the temple is dedicated.

Gojū-no-tō. Five-storey pagoda, 32.50 metres high. Built according to the laws of perspective, it gives an impression of great stability due to its magnificent proportions, but also of height, enhanced by the subtle narrowing of each floor.

Daikōdō (reading room). To the north of the courtyard, closed by the gallery. The original building burnt down in 925 and a building from Kyōto was transferred to this site in 990. Inside, three statues. That of Yakushi Nyorai (this representation of Buddha called Yakushi) is supposed to cure all suffering and diseases.

Tothe west of Daikōdō, the Kyōzō dating from the 8th century and to the east, the belfry (Shōrō) from the 9th century. Back to the west, the Saiendō, built in memory of the wife of the prince Shōtoku, Princess Tachibana. A statue of Yakushi dating from the 8th century can be seen there.

Shōryōin (temple of the soul of Shōtoku). Located east of the court, this building was built in 1121 in memory of the prince Shōtoku and houses several statues of the prince, his sons and the monk Eji.

Daihōzōin (Great Treasure Room). Contemporary double concrete construction dating from 1941. The works of the temple as well as pieces from kūfu (the treasure shop) are exhibited there (the others can be found in the National Museum at Tōkyō).

Tōin. The central part is occupied by the Yumedono (Dreams Pavilion). This octagonal religious building is said to be the oldest in Japan. It dates from the Nara period (8th century). It is in this building that the prince Shōtoku Taishi received in his dreams the answer to his philosophical questions.

Founded in 816 in Kudoyama by Kōbō-Daishi, at the foot of Mount Kôya, this temple marks the beginning of the pilgrimage paths to Koyasan. It is thus part of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountains listed by Unesco. Until 1800, women could not go to Koyasan to pray. This temple, on the road, was therefore a key stop for women wishing to pray. Today, there are many offerings in the shape of breasts. It is a recognized temple for pregnant women and those who wish to be cured of an illness.