Milledgeville, known as the First Lady of Georgia, is Baldwin County's seat. It was the capital of Georgia until 1868, after succeeding Louisville in 1804. It is currently home to a population of about 19 500.A rich and prosperous city with the cultivation of cotton and its political influences before the war of Secession, Milledgeville had great difficulty in overcoming the disintegration of its industry based on slavery at the end of the conflict and the loss of its title of capital shortly thereafter. Thanks to the strenuous efforts of his leaders, she created in 1879 the Middle Georgia Military and Agricultural College (now Georgia Military College) and, in 1889, on the ruins of its former penitentiary, the Georgia Normal and Industrial College (now Georgia College & State University). It is these institutions, as well as the continuing operation of the Central State Hospital (established in 1842), the State's first psychiatric hospital, which has allowed the city to continue to maintain a certain descent on its neighbours.In the 1950 s, the Georgia Power Company carried out a dam at Furman Shoals on the Oconee River, approximately 8 km north of the city, creating a huge reservoir called Lake Sinclair. The lake community is now part of the city's social and economic identity. Since the 1980 s, Milledgeville has capitalized its heritage by renovating its downtown and historic district.Among the people of great renown in the former capital are the epidemiologist Joseph Hill White (1859-1953), chemist Charles Herty (1867–1938), historian Ulrich Bonnell Phillips (1877–1934) or the democrat Carl Vinson (), who represented Georgia for more than 50 years in the House of Representatives. In addition to this, the author Flannery O'Connor (1925-1964), originally from Savannah, author of two novels, thirty-two new, as well as numerous texts, considered a major author of American literature. Its family farm, Andalusia, is also part of the possible visits during a stay in the city.

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