Beaten by ocean winds and veiled by sea mist, Kholmsk is a "ship" city of 30,000 inhabitants with streets where ships dock. It was born in 1870, when a detachment of nine soldiers commanded by an officer arrived north of the village of Maouka, inhabited by the Ain ethnic group, and founded a military post there. Located south of Sakhalin, Maouka, whose name in the language of its inhabitants means "hill covered with rosehips", was a large indigenous village of 700 souls. Maukah grew and prospered thanks to the Russian merchant Semionov, who organized logging, sea lettuce production, fur farming, industrial fishing, and trade with neighboring countries. In 1890, when the writer Chekhov moved to Sakhalin, there were 33 Russian households in Maukah. In 1902 a school was opened there. At the time of the Japanese colonization of southern Sakhalin, the Maoka district (derived from Maukah) underwent considerable transformations. A port, highways, a railway line and a telephone communication network were built. A paper mill was built, coal and seafood were mined, and the agricultural sector was developed. In 1922, Maoka was granted town status. It was liberated by the Soviet army in 1945 and soon took the name of Kholmsk.

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