The region of Lankaran has a subtropical climate, which has allowed the development of cultures which are not found in the rest of the country, and which therefore comprise a landscape which is unprecedented: tea plantations, orange orchards and lemon trees. The city itself was built on ancient wetlands, filled about 300 years ago. She became the capital of Talish Khanat in the eighteenth century, after supplanting Astara who held that role until then. Its new status has fostered the development of the city, which has become an important economic, political and cultural hub, as well as a well-known artisan center. Lankaran also served as a focal point between Azerbaijan, Iran, Central Asia, India and Russia: nine markets then deployed their activities. In 1795, Iranian Shah Shah's troops attacked the city, whose inhabitants fled to Sari Island. Lankaran was first sacked before being occupied in 1813 by Russian troops. Subsequently, the Gulustan Treaty definitively placed Talish khanat under Russian domination.

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