Situated at an altitude of 270 m, Lang Son is the capital of the mountainous province of the same name, with a population of around 200,000. The climate is pleasant, but highly dependent on the monsoons. The mountains hold back the clouds, making for lush vegetation. When not hunted, the fauna (monkeys, monitor lizards, etc.) also thrives. The surrounding area is populated by various ethnic groups who have settled in the forest plateaus and surrounding mountains. The region was a Chinese stronghold under the Upper Han (2nd century) and Tang (7th to 10th centuries). Under the Annamite Dinh occupation, it took the name of Lang Gian. It wasn't until the 15th century, under the Lê, that the province was renamed Lang Son. The mountains are mainly home to the tay, hmông, dao and nung ethnic groups from the Chinese border provinces of Guangxi, Yunnan and Laos. The town has always been the scene of numerous battles, its strategic position having made it a coveted site for those wishing to assert their domination over the northeastern part of the region. Twice, French troops had to fight hard in this area: in 1885 (the fall of Lang Son to the Chinese precipitated the end of the Gambetta ministry) and later, in the 1950s. In 1979, Lang Son was almost completely destroyed during the Chinese attack. Its location close to the Chinese border (closed to tourists) also favours incessant trade and smuggling.

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Rizières de Lang Son. Jimmy Tran - Shutterstock.com
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