While this Gallo-Roman site had been abandoned, the lord of Randon, returning from the crusades, built his new castle and left the old one, at the signal of Randon. Around the 11th century, Châteauneuf took the form of a citadel which dominated the region from its 1,286 m altitude and controlled the routes from Mende to Saint-Flour and Le Puy. During the Hundred Years' War, to drive out the mercenaries, supported by the English, who were ravaging the Gévaudan and the Vivarais, the king sent Bertrand Du Guesclin, his famous constable, to the rescue. The warrior laid siege to the citadel, but did not live to see his victory: it is said that he died of congestion in 1380 after drinking the icy water of the fountain of La Glauze at l'Habitarelle. Of this place, which was often used as a refuge for the inhabitants, only the tower known as the English remains because the castle was destroyed by order of Louis XIII, during the Wars of Religion, and the stones reused for the construction of the surrounding houses. Much later, in 1828, Châteauneuf honoured its liberator and had a cenotaph built for Du Guesclin on the site of l'Habitarelle. It was replaced in 1911 by the present cenotaph, a faithful reproduction of his tomb in the Saint-Denis basilica. A statue of him was also inaugurated in 1894, and since then, the Constable has extended his protective bronze hand over the village square. In the past, the town was also known for its ancient fairs, where iron and cloth crafts were sold.

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